Infiltration and Inflow Can Be Costly for Communities
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چکیده
What is infiltration? The term infiltration is used by wastew a t e r professionals to describe the excess water that sometimes seeps, trickles, or flows into old or damaged collection systems from the surrounding soil. For example, high groundwater or water remaining in the soil after rain or snow often can infiltrate mainline pipes, joints, service late r a l s, connections, and other p a r t s of a collection system that have d e t e ri o r a t e d, cracked, sagged, or collapsed.
منابع مشابه
Comparison of One-point and Two-point Methods for Estimation of Infiltration Parameters in Furrow Irrigation
Infiltration is one of the most important hydraulic parameters affecting surface irrigation and one ofthe most difficult parameters in practical field determinations. The infiltration equations are used todescribe water flow hydraulics and surface irrigation systems design. But determination of theparameters in these equations are costly and time consuming. Therefore, some estimating methods ar...
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Furrow irrigation is the most common method of surface irrigation. However, the accurate estimation of the soil water infiltration equation is the most important challenge for evaluating this method of irrigation. In this study, a fast and simple method that is named soil intake families and presented by USDA-NRCS (RSIF), evaluated for estimation of the Kostiakove-lewis infiltration equation pa...
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Most furrow irrigation systems have low performance due to deep percolation at the upstream end and tailwater runoff at the downstream end of the field. To eliminate this problem improving furrow irrigation performance is necessary. Since the inflow discharge has high effect on infiltration along the furrow which consequently affects the application efficiency and water distribution uniformity,...
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Separate sanitary sewer systems are designed to convey sewage waste from municipal areas to a central treatment facility; they are not designed to handle water associated with precipitation events. However, intercept of groundwater (infiltration) and of flows through manholes or unauthorized connections (inflows) introduces rainwater into the sanitary sewer system. Infiltration/Inflow (I/I) inc...
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Infiltration is the most crucial process affecting surface irrigation uniformity and efficiency as it is the mechanism that transfers and distributes water from the surface to the soil profile. As a direct method of infiltration measurement, the volume balance method requires time, accuracy and high costs. Moreover, before the land preparation and at the research phase the use of this method is...
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